septal area การใช้

• BNST also connects to the septal area, rewarding sexual behavior.
• It interconnects the paraterminal gyrus in the septal area with the hippocampus and lateral olfactory area.
• Some of the projections from the medial septal area are cholinergic; the rest are GABAergic or glutamatergic.
• DBS of the septal areas of persons with schizophrenia have resulted in enhanced alertness, cooperation, and euphoria.
• Lesioning the medial septal area, or inactivating it with drugs, eliminates both type 1 and type 2 theta.
• Both the recurrent connections and the Schaffer collaterals terminate preferentially in the septal area in a dorsal direction from the originating cells.
• The orbitofrontal cortex ( OFC ) is heavily correlated with the cingulate gyrus and septal area to act out positive / negative reinforcement.
• Numerous studies have shown that the medial septal area plays a central role in generating hippocampal theta ( Stewart & Fox, 1990 ).
• In the studies, he dosed them with LSD and Bulbocapnine, and implanted electrodes into the septal area of the brain to stimulate it and take EEG readings.
• In the 1950s, James Olds and Peter Milner implanted electrodes into the septal area of the rat and found that the rat chose to press a lever which stimulated it.
• As I understand it, the rats were given a choice of two levers to press : one would give them food, the other would give them stimulation of the septal area of the brain ( a reward center ).
• The generation of the rhythm is dependent on the medial septal area : this area projects to all of the regions that show theta rhythmicity, and destruction of it eliminates theta throughout the brain ( Stewart & Fox, 1990 ).
• Direct projections from the septal area to hippocampal interneurons also play a role in generating theta waves, but their influence is much smaller than that of the entorhinal inputs ( which are, however, themselves controlled by the septum ).
• Hippocampal theta waves, with a frequency range of 6 10 Hz, appears when a rat is engaged in active motor behavior such as walking or exploratory sniffing, and also during medial septal area, which in turn receives input from the hypothalamus and several brainstem areas.
• The medial septal area projects to a large number of brain regions that show theta modulation, including all parts of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, perirhinal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, medial mamillary and supramamillary nuclei of the hypothalamus, anterior nuclei of the thalamus, amygdala, inferior colliculus, and several brainstem nuclei ( Buzs醟i, 2002 ).
• Covian's main achievement in neurophysiology was the systematic study, with a large group of collaborators, of the neural basis of thirst, of neuroendocrine regulation of hydroelectrolytic homeostasis, and of appetitive behavior, i . e ., the behavior which permit animals to seek and to ingest particular foodstuffs or drugs, etc . He also studied the role of the limbic system ( particularly the septal area ) on many behaviors and functions, such as the control of blood pressure, the neuroendocrine regulation of reproductive behavior, etc.